By Pam Martens and Russ Martens: June 23, 2015

Yesterday, Rajlakshmi De and Hamid Mehran, two researchers at the Federal Reserve Bank of New York, posted an interesting treatise on what it takes to climb into the ranks of the largest banks in the U.S. The duo inform us that as of 2007, prior to the financial crisis, just 0.4 percent of all U.S. banks held $50 billion or more in assets. The six largest U.S. banks in 2007, with assets ranging from $2.1 trillion to $238 billion, had one unique quality in common – they were all more than a century old, except for Wachovia which was one year short of a century.

Wachovia was teetering in 2008 during the financial crisis and was merged into Wells Fargo. The authors do not mention this or that another of the six banks, Citigroup, became insolvent in 2008 but was illegally allowed to survive anyway through the largest taxpayer bailout in U.S. history.

Ignoring a century of big bank scandals, bad debts and rapacious gobbling up of dozens of other banks to climb into the hallowed halls of too-big-to-fail status, the New York Fed researchers arrive at the dubious suggestion that this big-bank survival gene is linked to exceptional “managerial abilities” of the banks’ CEOs. In this regard, the authors quote from Gary Becker’s 1971 Economic Theory, writing: “Greater efficiency can stem from superior managerial and other entrepreneurial abilities . . . there are only a small number of Wilt Chamberlains and Lew Alcindors in basketball, or Henry Fords in the automobile industry.” Interestingly, they can’t seem to find a suitable banking legend to cite as a model CEO.

The uncomfortable reality is that most of today’s largest banks are alive today not because of good management but in spite of serial bad management, habitually rewarded by government favors or government bailouts.

In the late 80s and early 90s, the U.S. government allowed some big banks to pretend they were solvent when they weren’t as a result of making a ludicrous amount of bad loans to Latin America. This is how a different set of Federal Reserve researchers describe that period:

“In the United States, the chief concern was the soundness and solvency of the financial system. To that end, regulators weakened regulatory standards for large banks exposed to LDC [Least Developed Country] debt to prevent them from becoming insolvent. On one hand, this regulatory forbearance was effective at forestalling a panic. On the other hand, forbearance allowed large banks to avoid the consequences of their prior lending decisions (albeit decisions that were to some extent officially encouraged in the mid-1970s). But allowing those institutions to delay the recognition of losses set a precedent that may have weakened market discipline and encouraged excess risk-taking in subsequent decades.”

Getting super-large is not so hard at all if banking regulators look the other way at massive bank consolidations. Here’s an abbreviated summary of the largest mergers and buyouts of other banks that have allowed JPMorgan Chase to become today’s largest bank with over $2 trillion in assets:

In 1955 Chase National Bank merged with The Bank of the Manhattan Company to form Chase Manhattan Bank. In 1991, Chemical Bank and Manufacturers Hanover announced their merger. Both banks had been severely weakened; Chemical from bad real estate loans and Manufacturers from bad loans to developing nations. In 1995, Chemical Bank merged with Chase Manhattan Bank. In 2000, JPMorgan merged with Chase Manhattan Corporation. In 2004, JPMorgan Chase merged with Bank One. In 2008, during the height of the financial crisis, JPMorgan Chase was allowed to buy Washington Mutual.

These are just the largest bank consolidations; through the years, Chase acquired dozens of smaller banks.

Two of the largest U.S. banks have one more thing in common that goes unnoticed by the New York Fed researchers. JPMorgan Chase and Citigroup’s Citicorp are now officially criminal banking felons. Both pleaded guilty to one felony count last month for rigging foreign currency markets. In 2014, JPMorgan Chase was charged with a different felony for aiding and abetting Bernie Madoff’s Ponzi scheme and given a deferred prosecution agreement by the U.S. Department of Justice.

Not to put too fine a point on it, but the four largest U.S. banks in 2007 played the essential role in collapsing the U.S. financial system in 2008 and creating the largest economic collapse since the Great Depression. Nothing about these banks conjures up images of Henry Ford or Wilt Chamberlain.